Fossil Fuels 5486940

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Oil & Gas

Fossil Fuels are fuels formed by natural processes such as anaerobic decomposition of buried dead organisms. Age of organisms and their effects of fossil fuels is typically millions of years, and sometimes exceeds 650 million years. Fossil fuels contain a high percentage of carbon and include coal, oil and natural gas. They range from volatile materials with low carbon: hydrogen ratios like methane, to liquid petroleum to durable materials composed of almost pure carbon, like anthracite coal. Methane can be found in hydrocarbon fields, alone, in conjunction with oil, or in the form of methane clathrates. Fossil fuel formed from the fossil remains of dead plants, exposure to heat and pressure in the Earth's crust over millions of years. The biogenic theory was first introduced by Georg Agricola in 1556, and later Mikhail Lomonosov in the 18th century. Texas Oil & Gas It has been estimated by the Energy Information Administration that in 2007 primary sources of energy consisted of petroleum, coal 27.4%, 36.0%, natural gas 23.0%, amounting to 86.4% share for fossil fuels in primary energy consumption in the world [5]. Non-fossil sources in 2006 included hydroelectric 6.3%, 8.5%, nuclear, and other (geothermal, solar, tide, wind, wood, waste) amounting to 0.9% [6] World consumption rose about 2 , 3% per year .. Offshore Oil Fossil fuels are non-renewable resources because they take millions of years, form, and reserves are depleted much faster than new ones are created. Production and use of fossil fuels raise environmental concerns. A global movement toward the generation of renewable energy is therefore under way to help meet increased energy needs. Natural Gas Drilling Combustion of fossil fuels produces around 21.3 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO2) per year, but it is estimated that natural processes can only absorb about half of that amount, so that the net increase of 10.65 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide per year, atmospheric ( One ton of carbon is equivalent to atmospheric 44/12, or 3.7 million tons of carbon dioxide). Carbon dioxide is one of the greenhouse gases that enhances radiative forcing and contributes to global warming, causing the average surface temperature of the Earth to rise in response, which most climate scientists agree will cause major adverse effects.

Petroleum Oil and natural gas are formed anaerobic decomposition of remains of organisms including phytoplankton and zooplankton that settled to the sea (or lake) bottom in large quantities in Anokić conditions, millions of years ago. Over geological time, this organic matter, mixed with mud, got buried under heavy layers of sediment. The obtained high levels of heat and pressure caused the organic matter to chemically change, first in the waxy material known as kerogen which is found in oil shale, and then with more heat into liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons in a process known as catagenesis. Oil Securities There is a wide range of organic or hydrocarbon, compounds in any fuel mix. The specific mixture of hydrocarbons gives a fuel its characteristic properties, such as boiling point, melting point, density, viscosity, etc. Some fuels like natural gas, for example, contain only very low boiling, gaseous components. Others, such as gasoline or diesel contain much higher boiling components. Oil Rig Terrestrial plants, on the other hand, tend to form coal and methane. Many of the coal fields date to the Carboniferous period of Earth history. Terrestrial plants also form type III kerogen, a source of natural gas.

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