Comments that I submitted to Division913576

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These are the comments that I submitted to Section of Information Technology on behalf of Red Hat on the Draft Plan on Open up Expectations for e-Governance Model one.1 dated May 2010. All round, it is a good coverage with a number of loopholes that need to have to be plugged. If authorized in a a bit enhanced sort, it will be a large landmark for e-governance in India and for the open up source and open requirements local community.

General Critique Feedback

Superb is your present of knowledge the far more we reveal, the a lot more it grows the a lot more we hoard, the a lot more it diminishes

Hymn to Saraswati, the Goddess of Knowledge

Details Technologies, and the Net in distinct, have opened up huge avenues for the sharing of information. In the up coming two a long time, in excess of two billion people (or one-third of humankind) will be linked to the World wide web, producing it the biggest collaborative network in the historical past of humankind. Open up requirements are the most elementary tool for the sharing of expertise and we as a result recognize DIT's management in generating the Draft Coverage on Open up Standards for e-Governance Edition 1.1 dated Could 2010.

In creating and applying the Open Standards Coverage, we hope that DIT will dwell up to the greatest of Indian information traditions that put tremendous emphasis on the sharing of information. While real open requirements foster the sharing of knowledge, proprietary standards avoid the totally free movement of expertise by managing requirements as a priced commodity or as trade secrets, owned and controlled by personal entities. We hope that DIT will make a clear difference between open up expectations and proprietary specifications because this has larger implications over and above e-Governance and impacts the details society as a entire.

We understand and regard the simple fact that DIT has a important challenge on its palms when it will come to legitimate open up standards because several standards, at present in use, have progressed as de-facto standards that are proprietary in nature. At the same time, we request DIT to identify the larger historic point of view, which spots specifications firmly in the commons and that proprietary electronic standards are an aberration of this norm. It is a well founded convention of civil modern society that specifications should be taken care of as a âcommon wealthâ and belong to all, and NOT be controlled by personal entities. If requirements that we get for granted â like weights and actions â have been proprietary requirements that needed royalties and OEM licenses for usage, the charge and cultural effect of the very same can well be imagined. For case in point, multimedia standards are some of the most expensive requirements in the world. A total set of playback plug-ins expenses around EUR 28 (about Rs 1,624). As we provide e-authorities companies appropriate down to the village panchayats and look for to place computer systems in each college, the price of these proprietary playback plug-ins could show to be a weighty drain on the country's finances, impact IT penetration in India and therefore hinder the pass on of expertise.

On the other hand, open up expectations can speed up the sharing of understanding and the Internet and World Wide Internet are the greatest examples of this. For instance, in 1994, Sir Tim Berners-Lee started the Entire world Extensive World wide web Consortium (W3C) at MIT. It comprised numerous organizations that have been willing to create specifications and suggestions to increase the high quality of the Web. Berners-Lee made his concept readily available freely, with no patent and no royalties because of. The Planet Extensive World wide web Consortium made the decision that its specifications ought to be primarily based on royalty-totally free engineering, so that they could easily be adopted by anybody.

It is consequently distinct that open standards encourage the public very good, which is the key duty of any federal government. The best examination of any open regular is â does it give us the liberty to discuss knowledge with out any hindrance, without any terms and situations? We hope that this is the yardstick that will be used to decide open specifications for India.

Remarks on Specific Sections

Section 4.one.two of the policy states, â The patent statements required to apply the Recognized Normal will be obtainable on a Royalty-Free basis for the lifestyle time of the Normal. If this sort of Specifications are not identified feasible then in the broader community desire, Fair, Reasonable and Non Discriminatory phrases and conditions (FRAND) or Sensible and Non Discriminatory terms and situations (RAND) with no charge could be regarded as.â

We request that the following assertion, âIf these kinds of Expectations are not identified possible then in the wider community desire, Honest, Reasonable and Non Discriminatory phrases and ailments (FRAND) or Acceptable and Non Discriminatory conditions and circumstances (RAND) with no charge could be consideredâ be moved to the part four.three which offers with âNon-availability of Open Normal which meets all Necessary Attributes dealing with exceptions.â We highly really feel that this sentence is completely out of spot, specially contemplating that it is presently housed in area 4.one titled, âMandatory Traits.â

We sense that part four.one.two is the coronary heart of the Draft Policy and positioning an exception assertion in the extremely heart and soul of the policy will deliver out incorrect and conflicting indicators. Also, in terms of sequence, the RAND/FRAND clause pre-empts the assortment criteria detailed in Area four.4. It need to also be mentioned that expectations that are RAND/FRAND must be termed as âInterim Standardsâ and ought to NOT be termed as âOpen Specifications.â

For case in point, the H.264-encoded Internet Video clip style is presently free of charge to end users right up until at the very least December 31, 2015. When this time period ends, MPEG LA, the licensing agency for H.264 could start off charging royalties. As a result, H.264 is a partially-royalty free regular, but cannot be considered an open regular simply because customers do not have the freedom to encode and decode data and have to adhere to complex licensing ailments. Below the recent wording of Part 4.one.two, H.264 could qualify as a suited open up common for e-governance but this is plainly unacceptable in the lengthy-phrase. For instance, if Doordarshan employs H.264 to transmit a Nationwide Address by the Prime Minister of India over the world wide web on 1st January, 2016, it might attract royalty that â...will be no far more than the economic equivalent of royalties payable throughout the identical time for free of charge television." Consequently, we suggest, when again, that this sentence be moved to Area four.four and be modified to examine, "If such Specifications are not located feasible then in the broader general public curiosity, Fair, Sensible and Non Discriminatory conditions and ailments (FRAND) or Sensible and Non Discriminatory conditions and conditions (RAND) with no payment, AND NO Restrictions ON REUSE, could be considered.â

four.3 Non-availability of Open Common which satisfies all Mandatory Qualities

Presented the strategic relevance of open resource and its ability to totally free India from being technologically dependent on proprietary software package sellers, we ask for that the open supply neighborhood need to have a robust representation in the Specified Physique deciding on the specifications. We ask for that the approach of selecting these Interim Standards ought to be an open up and clear approach that seeks inputs from the community. Citizens ought to be plainly described the logic for selecting these requirements.

5. Exceptions for Selecting One or Much more Extra Open up Normal in an Location

If multiple specifications are selected for a particular location, the govt ought to guarantee that info is interchanged without any decline of information. If info is misplaced in the approach of exchanging info, it would defeat the quite function of possessing this coverage. As with numerous other procedures in India, we are critically concerned that this exception clause need to be used only in the rarest of rare circumstances and that the exception must not become the norm. For that reason we suggest that this sentence be modified to study as, âSuch standard will be suitable and bi-directionally interoperable, with no any loss of information, with the presently existing picked Common.â

Likely by earlier knowledge, we have witnessed that proprietary suppliers who stand to shed their billion dollar monopolies, are inclined to do anything at all feasible to exploit every single loophole available to them. As a result, the constitution of the Designated Body is critically essential. DIT should guarantee that a transparent procedure is followed to incorporate a number of stakeholders, such as civil modern society in purchase to avoid institutional capture of the designated entire body. The constitution of the LITD fifteen committee of the Bureau of Indian Specifications is an case in point worthy of consideration.

Annexure Part m: Maturity -- An standard is deemed mature if different implementations, commercial/open up, are accessible, extensively adopted and have been steady for some time.

We request that this be reworded to read as, âMaturity -- A standard is viewed as mature if different implementations in proprietary and open up supply software program, are accessible, broadly adopted and have been steady for some time.â It need to be noted that open up resource software licenses do not distinguish between commercial and non-business implementations. The two main improvement types in the software program entire world are proprietary (where the ownership of the resource code is intently held) and open resource (in which customers have the flexibility to modify, share and redistribute the resource code). Consequently, it would be far more correct to change the term, âcommercial/openâ with the expression, âproprietary and open source.â

A-I-6 Open Resource: The phrase is most frequently applied to the supply code of software program that is accessible to the standard community with comfortable or non-existent intellectual property constraints.

The definition of âopen sourceâ is not exact. There are distinct licensing constraints on Open up Supply Software. The goal of these constraints is to protect the users' proper to discuss, modify and redistribute the source code. We as a result advise that the Open up Supply Definition of the Open up Resource Initiative be followed. It is the OSI that approves the open up resource licenses. The Open Supply Definition is as underneath:

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