Four Men Who Rule the World From the Grave
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Darwin is also famous for his extremely confrontational and racist 1871 book "The Descent of Man." This book was penned to counter the criticism of his 1859 book and to fully and boldly develop his belief that human beings are descended from apes.
The Descent of Man is unfortunately overtly bayan escort racist and claims that certain brown skinned peoples are less evolved than the Europeans. This gave great momentum to biological based racism and gave it intellectual respectability.
Aborigines were legally hunted like big game in Australia. Belgians in the Congo shot black natives with impunity. Hitler quoted extensively from Darwin in his book, "Mein Kampf," and developed his claim of Aryan superiority from Darwinian principles.
In the United States, in the late nineteenth century, evolution was taught and discussed only among the educated elite.
Evolution was taught only at the university level and to some degree in the high schools. In the 1880s only about 4% of American students went on to high school which was called secondary school. Only about 1% of the population went to college. All the rest were educated in primary school up to the eighth grade.
Marx subscribed to the Hegelian concept that human government is greater than the sum of its parts. Thus we have the Marxist illogic that regards the individual as worthless but if you put the individuals together into a government then you have something of real value. Marx considered human government the savior of mankind that would lead people to utopia.
Marx's writings inspired generations of revolutionaries that embarked on the largest economic social experiment of all time. The experiment to see if an all powerful government owning all property could create a perfect utopian society failed miserably. Historians estimate that between 70 million and 100 million people were killed by communist governments in their quest for utopia.
Nevertheless Marxist ideas still guide the socialistic tendencies of all the modern democracies of escort Europe and of North and South America.
A generation after Darwin and Marx a bolder and more passionately atheistic philosopher arose. His name was Friedrich called this "the will to power."
was an existentialist philosopher. Existentialism is radical individualism in which the individual must exert his own will and throw off social convention to create his own unique life. He regarded those who lived according to the rules as inauthentic, as mere followers and small minded. rejected God's law and wrote some overtly blasphemous things. He also had radical views on politics. He was of the opinion that all the great civilizations of the ancient world were built on slavery and brutality in which the intellectual elite lived luxuriously off of the hard labor of the many.
He rationalized that slavery and oppression were good because it freed the elite to build fabulous buildings and produce great works of art. Hitler read extensively and even gave copies of Nietzsche's books to his officer corps.
Nietzsche's existentialism and atheism was very influential among the intellectuals of his own time and reverberates down to our own day especially in postmodernism. influenced the existentialist philosophers Jean Paul Sartre and Albert Camus and their post WWII philosophy of pessimism. The youth rebellion of the 1960s had many elements of Nietzschean radical existentialism.
